Effects of dietary methanolic extract of hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis, on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant, humoral and intestinal immunity, and intestinal bacteria of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The aims of the present study were to assess effects Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis , methanolic extract (HE) on growth performance, hepatic oxidative status, humoral and intestinal immunity, bacteria rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss . Fish allocated into twelve tanks for four treatments, receiving diets containing 0, 100, 250, 500 mg/kg HE eight weeks. results showed that dietary supplementation induced no significant differences in feed efficiency, hematological parameters (P > 0.05). significantly increased total leukocyte count highest was observed 250 treatment < 0.001). treatments exhibited lower lymphocyte = 0.001) higher neutrophil 0.002) percentages; former a monocyte percentage 0.021). Hepatic superoxide dismutase (100 HE; P 0.001), glutathione peroxidase reducatse (all treatments; reduced (250 0.046) increased, whereas malondialdehyde levels 0.007) decreased HE-treated fish. Plasma protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, alternative complement plasma Ig treatment. Quantitative real time PCR found Streptococcus iniae Lactococcus garvieae Aeromonas hydrophila Yersinia ruckeri Vibrio anguillarum fish intestines any treatments. Lactobacillus sp. detected samples, but there among 0.352). Intestinal defensin 0.044) interleukin-1 beta 0.0.035) expressions up-regulated 100 interleukin-10 tumor necrosis factor-alpha whereas, interleukin-6 expression 0.009) It is concluded able stimulate immune responses antioxidant capacity. effective concentration trout may be range 100-250 mg/kg.